Administrative Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Administrative Law - instance Study ExampleThis principle, known as Wednesbury unreasonableness, requires William to establish that the Ministrys decision is William however is seeking to rely on a previous policy and to be treated as an exception to the existing, published policy. The question is whether he has a substantive right to do so, allow forn that decision makers go through the right to change their minds and have a duty to make unfettered decisions.4The doctrine of certain expectation5 recognizes that occasionally when a public ashes makes an unfettered decision injustice is done to a citizen. A citizen will have a legitimate expectation where an positive statement or other conduct of a public body has conduct to a reasonable belief that the citizen will be able to claim a benefit or advantage and it would be un just for the public body to deprive the citizen of that benefit or advantage. Examples include where an official letter stated that an interview would be gi ven before deportation6 and where an official circular stated that adoptions from afield would be allowed in certain circumstances.7 The fact that the compensation scheme came into being by the government physical exertion its prerogative powers will not preclude the court examining the justicability of the subject matter.8 In Council for Civil Service Unions v. pastor for the Civil Service 19849 their Lordships held that the trade unionists had a legitimate expectation that they would be consulted based on stiff consultation on conditions of service in the past until they were given reasons for its withdrawal and the opportunity to comment. In R v. North and East Devon Health Authorities Ex p Coughlan 2000 the local health authority reneged on a promise that the claimant would have a home for life. The Court of Appeal held that the statement was see and definitive and that it was reasonable for the claimant to rely on it. On the basis of the reported decisions William will ce rtainly have sufficient interest to apply for judicial review. Whether the court will bind the Ministry to honour its earlier policy on his behalf is a matter for the courts discretion. The court has to weigh the consequences of allowing Williams expectations to be filled against the unlawful fettering of the Ministrys discretion and frustration of Parliaments clear intention not to award compensation. He will certainly be entitled to a fair hearing and to be given reasons why he is to be denied the benefit. The court will only put forward that the Ministry honour his expectation if thither is some overriding public interest which justifies a departure10 Although William is required to state the remedy(ies) want in his initial application for judicial review, all remedies are discretionary in judicial review, and there is no guarantee that he will be granted any remedy even if he is successful. Technically speaking the court can order any one or more of 6 orders in a judicial rev iew application a quashing order, a mandatory order, a prohibitory order, an injunction, a declaration and damages. In practice however a legitimate expectation does not give an absolute right to a remedy - only a heightened claim to the benefit or advantage.11 broadly speaking the most

RESEARCH METHODS Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

METHODS - Research Paper Exampleohnson, 2010 Hostetter & Bush, 2006) or hit desire of obtaining the higher fosterage while carrying on with their jobs (Barnard, Paton & Rose, 2007 Stavroulia & Psychari, 2010).According to Wise and Rothman (2010), these programs ensure easy entre to high level education for those students who are unable to continue traditional learning program both because of employment problems, travelling issues, lack of sufficient funds for financing traditional education and family responsibilities. In align to determine the effectiveness of the exceed learning programs, it is vital for the colleges and universities to gather sufficient data about the students perceptions of keep learning programs (Bukaliya & Musika, 2011).The students perceptions about distance learning programs take away been studied by many researchers to identify the capricious forces that motivate the students to get enrolled in these online programs (Borstroff & Lowe, 2007 Wang et a l., 2008). Some researchers determined the advantages and disadvantages of the distance learning programs as perceived by the students and teachers (Conaway, Easton & Schmidt, 2005 Stavroulia & Psychar, 2010).According to the study of Spatariu, Quinn, and Hartley (2007), it was found that teachers who have expertise in handling technologies involved in distance learning programs have a positive attitude towards these studies. However, various teachers believe that distance learning programs have low level of education as compared to traditional programs (Babb, Stewart & Johnson, 2011).On the other hand, majority of the students who have acquired education via distance learning programs are satisfied with the entire curriculum and it has helped them in saving huge add together of money and time (Jackson & Helms, 2008). One drawback of this program is that the skills developed by means of this program are slight polished than those developed in face-to-face interaction based classes .Sometimes, the students face

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 31

Reflection - Essay warningThe experience narrated on the Magnaporthe grisea (MGA) dilemma faced by Professor John Hamer, reportedly a molecular biologist at Purdue University, paved the way for the discovery of a practical, yet revolutionary discovery, using the four habits of the mind.One, therefore, realized that there are still much to be discovered through scientific doubt or through assuming an explorative and inquisitive stance in life. Todays problems in various facets, could find solution with the appropriate application of these habits of the mind. The example of its application in a light classroom enabled the development of needed skills in the students and paved the way for greater interests in learning. One herewith asserts that through the knowledged gained from the article, one is truly inspired that through the four habits, solutions to societiesproblems could be envisioned as viably doable with enough curiosity, openness, skeptism, and communication. Other cou rse modules could use these theoretical framework to be integrated in the curriculum, as a means to find practical solutions, to problems which could have been deemed

Control of Flux in the Glycolytic Pathway Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Control of Flux in the Glycolytic Pathway - Essay ExampleIn glycolysis, all the reactions that atomic number 18 catalyzed by phosphofructokinase, hexokinase, and pyruvate kinase are considered being virtually irreversible. These enyzymes would easily be expected to permit both the regulatory, and the catalyzing roles. The enzymes will serve as a controlling site. All their functions are controlled by virtually reversible allosteric effectors binding or through the covalent modification. More so, the quantities of these vital enzymes are variable by the control of the transcription of meeting the shifting and altering metabolic needs. The amount of time that would be required for the control of the reversible allosteric and the regulation by transcriptional and phosphorylation, is considered to be in seconds, milliseconds, and hours. In the mammalian glycolytic pathway, for example, phosphofructokinase is one of the close vital elements of control. Increased adenosine triphosphat e levels allosterically inhibit the enzymes within the liver, thus reducing affinity for the fructose 6- phosphate. When the tightness of ATP is high, the hyperbolic curve binding of the fructose 6-phosphate will be converted to the signoidal one. This effect is raise by ATP though the binding towards a specific regulatory site that would be plain from the catalyzing site. The inhibition role of ATP, is reversed by AMP implying that the rate of activity for the enzyme will increase after the ratio of ATP/AMP is lowered. In this case, glycolisis will be stimulated once the charges of the energy are reduced. A reduction in the pH value will also stop the activity of phosphofructokinase. once Phosphofructosekinase is inhibited by the hydrogen ions, excess formation of lactic acid will be prevented wind to a precipitous drop in the pH of blood. This process is referred to as acidosis. In this case, some of the ATP will be salvaged from the initial ADP.

Canadian Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Canadian Economy - Essay characterin any event the USA, the trade agreements saw an increase in Canadian trade among other countries such(prenominal) as Chile, Costa Rica, Israel, Mexico and other southern American states.(Beltrame) This had profound benefits for the country and the economy growth has been soaring since.Besides those agreements that took place about a decade ago, the country has entered into a free trade agreement with the European Union which has further offered a boost to the already robust economy. The signing of this agreement took place in 2008.The economy of Canada is supported by several vault of heavens which must be looked at as having a reform understanding of the economy and the effects of the economy. These hold the service sector, the manufacturing sector, the energy sector and the agriculture sector.This is the largest of the sectors in the Canadian economy, accounting for just about two thirds of the total GDP. The largest of the employers under th is sector are the retail sector which employs about 14% of the total Canadian work force. Initially, the retail sector was composed of small retail outlets within the urban centers as well as in the suburbs. However, entry of big outlet stores such as the Future Shop and the Wal-Mart stores originally of the US has forced most of the small retail outlets to immigrate to the suburbs where they still employ a considerable number of people.Other employers in the service sector include the business services sector which employs about 12% of the Canadian population. The sectors falling under this are the real estate firms and the banks.The other classical sectors falling within the service sector are the education and wellness sectors. Though these are not part of the private sector, they continue to provide reasonable employment opportunities to the lay of the Canadian economy. The last of the service sector includes the hospitality cum tourism sectors which are equally important for the country. (Viera) Though with the recent recession, there has been a decline in the number of tourists visiting the country in general due to the strong Canadian dollar. The highest numbers of tourists visiting Canada are from the US though the recent propagation have seen an increase in Asian tourists especially those from China.Manufacturing sectorThe manufacturing industry in Canada unlike in most other developed countries is not the core business, though this is not to mean it is unimportant. Most of the industries or manufacturing companies in Canada are affiliates of externally founded companies with an example being the motor industry. Most motor manufacturing industries have a manufacturing plant in Canada but none of them are indigenous. The reason for this has been cited to be the cheaper service charges in Canada e.g. pull down health care insurance as compared to the United States. Besides this, Canada has a greater population of enlightened people making labor co nsiderably lower as compared to the US. Canada presents one of the most interesting economies with a minimal reliance on industries the opposite of other developed countries around the world.AgricultureCanada was initially an rude nation especially in the 19th century that is before the service industry gained considerable authorisation in the 20th century. Even in current times, the country is a major exporter of wheat globally though most of it goes to the neighboring US. The Canadian government

CRJS350(5) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

CRJS350(5) - Research Paper ExampleThere was a crowd of onlookers a few meters away from the construction and the Department store was still swallowed upin flames. Following his sign investigations, the Battalion fire chief informed me of his initial findings as outlined below. According to the Battalion Chief, on that point were about one hundred people in the group of onlookers around the building. In addition, he inform that he and his team found three canisters of gas containers made out of plastic, all of which he presented me with at the cyclorama.These cans each had an equal capacity of three gallons and all of them had remnants of a substance that smelled like gasoline. Furthermore, all of the cans had their spouts affiliated on them, though none of them was still capped. In this regard, one of my investigators took the three cans as evidence for pass on investigation. The battalion chief related that the fire had three points of origin. One point of origin is upstairs in the rear wareho subprogram section, one in the upstairs ladiesclothing department, and one downstairs in the place entrance of the store where the outdoor and garden section is located. It is clearly an arson fire. The battalion chief encourage informed me that his team was able to contain the fire in about 45 minutes, and he released the scene shortly after that. I was aware, from local media sources that this scene was one of the 6,000 stores in the United States, and they are really successful. TheNevanon Discount Department store was two stories high and has a customer elevator in the depend of the store and a freight elevator in the rear. I was also aware that this chain of stores has had employee blood problemsspecifically with gender inequalityand recently laid off 18 women for complaining. Identification and interview of witnesses The actions that can be taken pertaining to the crowd of onlookers that helped mention the offender included interviewing various groups of peopleto get all the needful background information to establish whether the fire was accidental or incendiary (Munday, 1995).In order to identify and interview the witnesses to the incidents, two actions I took two actions as follows. Firstly, I Contacted the Battalion Chief, identified the first first-in firefighters and responder, as well as documented their observations through interviews. Secondly, I identified the individual who reported the fire, the owner of the building (manager), the last person in the building just before the incident and one person who witnessed the fire, from the onlookers. I interviewed them and got the information from them about what transpired before, during and after the building caught fire, respectively (Quintiere, 1997). Scene security The two areas that I suss out to ensure the scene could be searched safely included the normal entry points and the possible entry points for the capableness suspect, as well as other ventilation points, in cluding windows. This is because, it was necessary to know which points my team and I could use to move in and out of the building without destroying evidence (Hitt, 2000). Secondly, I evaluated the scene for safety hazards like mourning band levels and structural collapse. This is because smoke contains carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas, which are very lethal gases and may result into skilful respiratory problems, and possibly death, within few minutes after continuous

Austria's Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Austrias Politics - Essay ExampleThe amendments have helped in increasing the political role of the chairperson, as well as the process of election. Originally the president is take by the members of the parliament. The amendments produce the right of electing the president to the people instead.Austria is known to have a weak national system. This is reflected upon the way that even though the constitution strictly states that each of Austrias nine provinces shall have jurisdiction everywhere matters that is not under the federal government activity. These matters that should have been under provincial power involve the laws that are already decided by the federal government. These laws include education, financial and judicial legislation.The president as in some(prenominal) parliamentary system plays the ceremonial role. It is said that the president in Austria has the duty of constructing, guarding and dissolving governments. Since the president is select by the people, i t follows that the president is responsible and liable to the people. In such case, every action that the president does should support the welfare of the people. In this view, the president is given the license to assign members of the cabinet.In Austria, both the parliament and the government are under the pres... It happened in 1986 and 1971. The president is also granted with emergency powers. Emergency powers refer to the authority of the president during an emergency which gives him the right to act even without consulting the topicrat first. In such instances, the cabinet needs to give the president the right to conduct provisional laws. Nonetheless, such laws could either be void or enforced by the Nationalrat after four weeks. The chancellor which is in other parliament referred to as the prime take care is the real head of the government and the parliament. The chancellor is elected and can be missed by the president nonetheless, the chancellor shall be the leader of the political party which holds the highest number of votes or seats in the alleged(prenominal) parliamentary election. The chancellor is the one who functions as the coordinator of the cabinet. However this does not give him the right to force or order other minister to act or conduct personal orders. The president has the power to apportion members of the cabinet and also to dismiss the cabinet as a whole. On the other hand, if the president would dismiss only one member of the cabinet, there must be a recommendation that comes from the Chancellor. The Nationalrat or National Council holds the power that is necessary to create National Legislations. Aside from the president, the NAtionalrat has the authority to remove the entire cabinet by means of a vote of nonconfidence. Unlike the president, the Nationalrat can remove an individual member of the Cabinet exploitation the vote of nonconfidence. Treaties, laws, amendments and other forms of legislation can only be approved or i mplemented by the Nationalrat. Also elections could only be legitimate if one-third of