Alcoholic Beverage

It is powerful and addictive this liquid is taken orally and often consumed in bundant quantities. Surveys say that adolescents and young adults are likely to drink. There are three basic types of alcoholic drinks are: Beer, Wine, Spirit. Their difference is what each is made of and percentage of alcohol content. Beer is made from fermented grains and has 3 to 6 percent of alcohol content while is made from fermented fruits and have alcohol content of 11 to 14 percent. Spirits are made from fermented distilling products. It usually contains 40-50 percent of alcohol.American Council Education says 12 ounce glass of beer, 5 ounces of wine and 1. 5 ounce shots f spirits contains the same amount of alcohol. Beer, wine and spirit have the same potential for intoxication and addiction. When a person consumes alcohol the drug acts on nerve cells deep in the brain. These are the well known signs that a person is drunk: the smell of alcohol on breath, irritability, loss of physical coordinati on, violent behaviour, loss of balance, incoherent speech, loss of consciousness, slowed thinking, blackouts, and Euphoria, an extreme happiness.According to the American Psychiatric Association, (1994) that alcohol use is continued despite knowledge of aving a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by alcohol. Frequent binge drinking or getting severely drunk more than twice is classed as alcohol misuse. According to research done through international surveys, the heaviest drinkers happen to be the United Kingdom's adolescent generation. Alcohol abuse affects about 10% of women and 20% of men in the United States, most beginning by their mid-teens.In Antipolo City, Philippines, many teenagers are now facing the problems of being addicted to alcoholic beverages. One major cause is depression and family problems. Teenagers who are facing this kind of problem suffer in terms of heath like disorders in their eating h abits. Other illnesses and diseases which they may have are liver cancer, migraines, and various sicknesses associated with their physiques. Where an alcoholic has experienced a sense of withdrawal in the same time period. According to http://www. sciencedaily. com/articles /a/alcoholism. tm alcoholism is the consumption of preoccupation with alcoholic beverage to the extent that this behaviour interferes. The chronic alcohol caused by alcoholism can result in sychological or physiological disorder. It is also called world's mostly drug use problems. Alcoholism is often progressive diseases says Ehrlich (2011). A person who is alcoholic typically craves for alcohol and drink and increases his tolerance for alcohol stated by Stoppler (2011) For this reason according to Langham (2010) they are causes of teen alcoholism depend on genetics and life experienced.Teens begin drinking before the age 15 according to Butler (2006) are more likely to develop a dependency on alcohol than those who begin drinking 21 years old. According to Langham (2010) following reason of alcoholism in teens is: Genetics or Family History, meaning a teenager comes from families who its family members are addictive in or emotional abuse in home but also in school. Another basis of alcoholism in teens is peer pressure, teens experience this kind of reason when a teenager feels that she or he is not accepted because there is something wrong to his or her personality or maybe he or she becomes alcoholic because of friends.Lack of parental support is one of the sources, teenager who regularly experiences this kind of trait is a person ho regularly experience harsh discipline, criticism, hostility and rejection of his or her parents and the foremost reason of alcoholism in teens is depression, a teenager convince himself or herself that alcohol will take away his or her sadness and make her feel better stated by Boyles (2012).If its so, this causes may lead to some teenagers in different dange rous effect like: decreasing of paying attention, difficulties in memory, drunk driving, suicide attempt, engaged in sexual activity , poor hygiene, breaking curfews, Hiding in their room, becoming verbally or physically busive toward others according to Palmera (2009)To understand teenagers. Parekh (2009) says that parents seek for understanding; they must always use the open communication for teens. To care by letting them be who they are, gaining the trust of the adolescent.

Green Mile Book Report Essay

To some people the words â€Å"Book-report†Ã‚  mean rent the movie and write a report on that. Yes, it is easier to watch a three-hour movie rather than read a 536-page book. With most books turned movies, though, the book is far too detailed to fit everything. This is how it is with the book The Green Mile and the movie The Green Mile. There are similarities but, there are also a lot of differences between the two. The main parts of the book and movie are alike: Coffey being caught with the two dead girls in his arms, Coffey saves Hal’s wife and Coffey dying at the end. There are smaller details that are alike and that is more important than the main parts. One small thing is that Paul does have a UTI in both the book and the movie. This is a small part but it brings a lot to the movie and the book because this is how Paul finds out that Coffey is innocent. Another small thing is the placement of the prisoners in the book and the movie. They aren’t exact but they are pretty close and this shows importance when the mouse, later called Mr. Jingles, walks up and down the green mile. Lastly, a small detail that is the same in both the book and the movie is the last sentence. Paul explains his punishment for killing one of God’s great miracles. This is very important because it brings the whole movie and the book to a close. Along with the similarities there are major differences and minor differences between the book and the movie. The major differences that I noticed between the book and the movie are: the mouse doesn’t die at the end in the movie, and there is no real character in the nursing home that bugs Paul in the movie like there was in the book. A smaller detail that is different is that in the book Paul asks Coffey to tie his shoe and Coffey can’t do it. This turned into a major point in the book because it went through how the dog was killed with meat and Coffey was carrying his lunch tied up, when he was found with the girls. The only way Coffey would have been able to use the meat would have been to untie the package his lunch was in and then retie it. In the movie this isn’t even explained which is kind of sad because it shows that he really isn’t the one who killed the girls. Another factor is that in the movie everything is shortened to save time. This is because people don’t want to sit through a five-hour movie. Lastly, the movie was created by the  impression the scriptwriter got with the help of Stephen King so of course there is no way they could have the exact same ideas all the time. This is a great book and a great movie and there is no way that the movie could cover everything that the book covers because there is a time limit with movies when people start to lose interest. Ways that the differences could become less evident would be by in each scene add detail even if it is just one line for a character it would make the book and movie seem more alike. Instead of two people looking at the book and combining their idea it would be one idea shared by millions. Everyone says â€Å"don’t just a book by the cover†Ã‚ , well with more books turning to movies I think that that saying should be modified. The saying for nowadays would have to be â€Å"Don’t judge a book by it’s movie.†Ã‚  I am not saying that all books turn movies are bad. I am saying if you didn’t like the movie and see the book try to read it because there might be more to the story than what the movie covered. Overall both the movie The Green Mile and the book The Green Mile are very good stories but to get the whole story you should both read the book and watch the movie.

J.M Coetzee Foe Paper

Then adds, â€Å"But perhaps it is the doing ot Providence that Friday tinds himselt on an island under a lenient master, rather than in Brazil, under the planter's lash, or in Africa, where the forests teem with cannibals† (24). Here, Cruso defends Friday and highlights the unfair ways of the slavery that removed Friday from his homeland. Cruso even calls himself a â€Å"lenient† master, demonstrating that he does care for Friday. This affection corroborates the idea that Cruso and Friday have a father-son relationship, but there is also strong evidence to prove that Cruso sees Friday as a lave.Coetzee portrays this relationship in a multifaceted way, that leads to the speculation of two conclusions; one conclusion being that Friday is like a slave to Cruso, another conclusion is that Friday is like a son to Crusoe. Coetzee creates Friday as a key narrative tool, which Coetzee uses to hammer home a broader motif: a connection between Fridays relationship with Cruso and apartheid. However, little is known about this central character except for his slave identity and speech deficiency.The reader is told that when Friday was a child, he was taken by the lavers, and that they cut off his tongue to â€Å"prevent him from ever telling his story: who he was, where his home lay, how it came about that he was taken† (23). Thus the mutilation of Friday's tongue ensures that his story remains buried within himself. The relationship between Cruso and Friday seems to strongly resemble the relationship between the oppressors and the oppressed in South Africa during apartheid.Friday, silenced by an unknown entity, represents the people that have no opportunity to speak out, but hold the stories that tell the tale of apartheid from a ifferent viewpoint. But these people cannot speak. They, like Friday, are silenced. They are the ones that need to be heard. Struck by the urgency of Friday's silence, Susan admits, â€Å"To tell my story and be silent on F riday's tongue is no better than offering a book for sale with pages in it quietly left empty† (67).Susan believes that her story is useless without input from Friday. This directly correlates to the story of South Africa, and it being useless without the moving stories of the oppressed people. Friday shows some sign of rebellion when Cruso becomes ill with the fever. Here, Friday makes no effort to help Susan take care of Cruso. Fridays motives are unclear here, but it could very well be his remorse finally rearing its ugly head, finding a way to fght the oppression that has chained him all of his life.Nevertheless, immediately after Cruso recovers, Friday is restored to being a servant mindlessly serving a master. In South Africa, the oppressed people were afraid to take a stand against the government, Just like how Friday is tentative to take a stand gainst Cruso. Friday waits until Cruso is week with the flu, and then makes a sly, seemingly accidental attempt at revenge. C oetzee views this inability to act out and stand up as a major detriment to both Friday and the oppressed people of South Africa.Fridays conformity and silence runs in tandem with the oppressed society of South Africa at the time that Coetzee wrote Foe. Cruso represents the oppressor, only teaching Friday what he needs to know, never more. The lack of disclosure and freedom that Friday experiences throughout the novel is characteristic of apartheid. Coetzee uses this relationship as a vessel to deliver the subtle yet powerful comparison of slavery to South Africa.

Prescription Health Care Costs and its Effects on the Elderly Essay

Prescription Health Care Costs and its Effects on the Elderly - Essay Example ribed in case of the elderly and the price are these drugs are more compared to the older drugs thus adding additional burden on the elderly (Berndt et al, 1998). However, those who rely on a fixed income are vulnerable towards price inflation of prescription drugs due to which they either skip doses or at times even forgo the prescriptions which can have an adverse affect o their health (Berndt et al, 1998; Safran et al, 2005). According to a national survey report on prescription drug adherence by the elderly more than one-quarter of elderly did not adhere to the prescription due to the associated high costs. The non adherence was more prominent among those without drug coverage, low-income groups and those with complex chronic illnesses (Safran et al, 2005). The introduction of public health insurance programs such as Medicare and Medicaid and private-employer insurance programs has not seen a significant reduction in prescription drug adherence by the elderly. These programs cove r only partial medical services for the elderly and do not cover the costs of outpatient prescription drugs (Safran et al, 2005; U. S. Healthcare, 2010; The cost of Prescription Drugs, 2001; Shang & Goldman, 2007). This coupled with the rising inflation and global economic recession in the recent years has only laid excess strain on healthcare expenditure due to which the costs have outweighed the benefits (U. S. Healthcare, 2010). The increase in the costs of prescription drugs has been mainly associated with the emergence of expensive state-of-the-art technology in drug production and for the development of such high-end drugs the costs will have to be shared with the consumer. Factors such as larger prevalence of chronic and long-term illness coupled with longer life spans have increased the demand for such drugs. Additionally population ageing and administrative costs also add up to the health care costs (U. S. Healthcare, 2010). Public health insurance programs such as Medicare

Job titles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Job titles - Essay Example In 2007, demand for Information Security jobs started growing. [1] Today getting a job in the information security field can be tricky. However, titles in the field range from security administrators, network security analysts, information security analysts, security architects, information security engineer, Web application security analysts, security auditors, and compliance auditors. But beware—these titles can entail very different responsibilities within different companies, so it’s important when looking for a job in this field to focus on what people are looking for in terms of skills. This assignment is to search for job advertisements related to Information Security through the Internet. The finding information will be summarized in a table including the advertised job title, and a summary of the responsibilities, Jobs requirements and company profile. Reflection summary will highlight potential overlap in responsibilities among different job titles and responsibility. There are looking for a candidate with good experience in Information Security in core banking project with experience in designing, implementing and monitoring a secure IT infrastructure in terms of Information / IT security products, processes, procedures, guidelines and standards. Plans and manages the activities of suppliers engineers and contracted staff involved in the installation, commissioning, and maintenance of computer systems for company network and other hardware related peripherals. Degree (BSc or Diploma) in Engineering, Business Information or any other relevant field. 7+ years of experience in the IT Security Industry is a must. 3+ years of experience as Technical Sales Specialist in IT Security Industry. Strong background in Risk & Compliance/Security is a plus. Certifications in one or more of the following are a plus - CISSP, CISM, CISA, CIA, CRISC. Local market knowledge is a plus Assist the Software Group and Intelligent

LEGAL ASPECTS OF NURSING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

LEGAL ASPECTS OF NURSING - Essay Example Negligence on either side of the teams gives rise to severe consequences. These consequences are sometimes lethal and several patients have been reported dead on grounds of negligence. Other than filing law suits against the healthcare providers and healthcare facilities, patients and plaintiffs have in the past gone an extra step to sue jurisdictional governments for their failure to make available sufficient funds for up-to-date facilities (Martzo & Sherman 2010, 43). There are a number of federal regulations that health facilities need to observe in assuring client’s safety. The first regulation is the identification of laid down set of measurements of patients’ protection critical to the therapeutic error detection. Another parameter is classifying a set of performances concerning patient safety significant to medical inaccuracy prevention. The third guideline is identifying matters connected to implementation of mandatory reporting for diminution of errors (Martzo & Sherman 2010, 63). Establishing the utmost accommodating way to show information on the incidences of medical oversights to the civic is also a federal law. Healthcare facilities need to take levelheaded steps to ensure that medical workforce adhere to these guidelines by the established modus operandi that encourage patient safety. There are several principles of protecting patients’ safety that applied in Mr. Abraham’s case. First is the Principle of Autonomy. This is the agreement to respect a patient’s right to determine his own course of action. The agreement demands that medical practitioners respect independent decisions made by a patient. Patient Self Determination Act of 1990 passed by the United States Congress reserves a patient’s right to make decisions over what he wants to do with his life. The law, however, applies to a person in a stable state of mind and body (competent person). This principle does not apply to Mr. Abraham’s dema nd to leave the clinic since he was drunk at the time of his admission. His alcohol level was above the legal limit and this disqualified him from the principle of autonomy. The nurses reserved the right to decide on his behalf to stay within the facility for further treatment. The second principle applicable in the case study is the Principle of Beneficence. This states the nurses’ need to be compassionate, take positive action to help others and always desire to do well. This principle is considered the core principle of patient advocacy. In Abraham’s case, the nurses and medical personnel who attended to him had his best interest at heart. After attending to the patient, the nurses restrained Mr. Abraham onto his bed using Posey vest and soft wrist restraints so that he could not leave to cause more harm to himself in another fight. The nurses’ care was evident in their decision to move the patient to a room close to their station so that they could have a cl ose check on him. Further, they devised an hourly visit to ensure his best care. Nonmaleficence is the third principle that applies to the case of Mr. Abraham. This principle demands that medical practitioners may not inflict any harm on the patients as they take positive action to help (Martzo & Sherman 2010, 143). It is the central medical oath of medical ethics. In medical practitioner’s efforts to do utmost good to sustain the patient’

How is sexual identity explored in Twefth Night Essay

How is sexual identity explored in Twefth Night - Essay Example espeare not only has exhibited equal mastery in his treatment of both tragedy and comedy but also he has exposed the true facts of life through his respective treatment of both genres of Tragedy and Comedy. Due to the cultural evolution during the time of Renaissance, people’s understanding of the society as well as relationship between genders received a different angle of interpretation. Shakespearean dramas, sonnets and Metaphysical poetry are best evidences that reflect such realization of people. This aspect is quite clear among Shakespeare’s sonnet composition, where he has provided a great deal of emphasis over friendship between two males. It is through his verse that the poet has attempted to preserve the physical beauty of his male friend. Sonnet no. 18-126 are excellent examples of such attempt from the poet and in the later sonnets (127-152) Shakespeare has attempted to describe the beauty of a dark lady and the poet has also provided highest importance to m emorize such beauty through his verse. Thus, it is clear from Shakespeare’s treatment of sexuality that love and appreciative mentality of beauty are such virtues that are never dependent over the any kind of gender biasness or sexual identity. His realization has also been reflected in his comedies of which As You Like It and Twelfth Night are classic examples. Unexplored sexual identity, in both these dramas, has played very important role in orienting the action, theme as well as pace but at the same time both the dramas have clearly expressed the fact that love does not depend over sexual identity. It is the most important of all humane virtues and a person, who has fallen in love with his/her partner, does not change the expression of love according to his/her sexual identity. Themes of deception and disguise have occupied a special place among the major Shakespearean comedies, such as Taming of the Shrew, As You like It or Twelfth Night. Looking at the renaissance society, a critical

Organizational Psychology Leadership Term Paper

Organizational Psychology Leadership - Term Paper Example It is proved that leadership is a key indicator of organizational psychology, reflecting the psychological and social trends developed within each particular organization. At the same time it is made clear that the approaches used by researchers when having to explore the particular subject may be differentiated, a fact that cannot influence the value of organizational psychology as a factor influencing all aspects of organizational life, including leadership. Also, after examining the content and structure of the three studies, the following assumption has been developed: all of them have addressed their aims; however, the study of Strauss, Griffin and Rafferty (2009) seems to be more appropriately structured and justified responding fully to the requirements of academic research. Aims In the study of Vigoda-Gadot (2007), aims are clearly stated: reference is made to the effort of the researchers to identify ‘politics can be a mediator between the leadership styles and the for mal and informal aspects of employee performance (Vigoda-Gadot 2007, p.661). Rowold & Schlotz (2009) also clearly state – in the introductory section - the aim of their study: to prove that leadership style can lead to the employees’ chronic stress. In the third study also, no problem seems to exist regarding the presentation of the study’s aims; Strauss, Griffin and Rafferty (2009) make clear that their study focuses on the identification of the relationship between leadership and employees’ proactivity. However, the specific study seems to have an advantage – regarding the presentation of its aims – compared to the previous two studies; analytical explanations are providing regarding the decision of the authors to choose the particular subject and the gaps in the literature that the study is expected to cover. Structure The structure of the study of Vigoda-Gadot (2007) can be characterized as quite satisfactory, focusing on the analysis of the issues under discussion; moreover, the literature related to the issue under discussion is analytically presented – headings and sub-headings have been employed for increasing the quality of the flow of the text and ensuring that all parts of the text are distinctive, a fact that can be considered as an advantage of the particular paper. From a similar point of view, in the studies of Strauss, Griffin & Rafferty, A. (2009) and Rowold & Schlotz (2009), no problem seems to exist regarding their structure; sub-headings have been used to indicate the parts of the paper and the order/ reasoning of methodology involved. Between the specific two studies also, an advantage seems to exist for that of Strauss, Griffin & Rafferty (2009). Comparing the three studies, it could be noted that the Vigoda-Gadot (2007) offers more analytical explanations on leadership and its role within organization; moreover, the issues discussed are fully and adequately justified using appropriate theo ries and empirical evidence. Theories In terms of the literature used in the three studies under

Business information analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Business information analysis - Case Study Example Secondly, this process also ensures that once a business is established, it begins to operate immediately. This owes to the fact that the business is operating under the umbrella of another established and reputable company. However, it is imperative to note that just because a company operates as a franchisee does not necessarily mean that it will have increased sales. This is despite the reduced cost of operation and better market environment. There are various other factors, which should be considered in ensuring that the company makes more profits. They include issues of prices and quality. With customers being so sensitive on matters of prices, it would be imperative that a given business enterprise considers being a price leader. This is a competitive advantage especially where the business is facing a lot of competition. Market research is vital for the purpose of understanding the tastes and preferences of the customers. This ensures that the company provides the required goo ds to the market. Qualitative and quantitative researches ensure that the companies conduct an objective marketing research that addressing the needs in the market. Task 1 Every business aims at obtaining accurate and valid evidence about the target customers. This becomes imperative owing to the fact that there is need to ensure that the business meets the actual needs of the customers (Berghoff 2012, p.90). the latter differ in terms of tastes and preferences making it difficult for the businesses organizations, to respond to their need. The current case of Kidz Sportz is therefore not an isolated one, but a reflection of the market challenges that many companies go through. The company is said to have received more than 100,000 new children who require different equipment and services. However, the management grapples with the issue of lack of enough knowledge on the tastes and preferences of these children. Unless something is done urgently, the company will not be able to provi de objective services to this large number of clients. To assist in solving the stated challenge, the following recommendations are vital: Conducting a market research This is explained as the process through which a company with the assistant of qualified market research team obtains information about the needs, attitudes and motivations of the customers, for the purpose of serving them in the best way possible (Boudreaux 2000, p.3). It is also a way of establishing what the customers know about the market, to enable a company to plan in terms of prices. It is imperative to note that the world of business has become increasingly competitive, prompting management to implement new strategies for success. This information provides a given company with competitive advantage over its main rivals (Bradley 2007, p.89). Secondly, it is a strategy through which the company is able to attract and also retain the customers to the advantage of a given business institution. A market research is also advantageous in the sense that it provides the company with the market size. In the above scenario, the number stands at 100,000 children. This enables the company in its logistical work. For instance, it is able to know the number of equipment and space needed to accommodate all the children. However, the market research is a process that requires funds and qualified personnel. To receive the information needed, both the qualitative and quantitative techniques become important. The Kidz Sportz for instance should carry out its qualitative and

Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Final Exam - Essay Example It is a fact that the communication hierarchies within the organizations are comprised of long-lasting issues which might not be that strong in depth but consume a large amount of time on the part of the employees, the managers and indeed the entire organization. This is one of the main reasons why long meetings and debates are continuously held over a period of time, which essentially ransacks the entire fabric of the organization and is therefore a deterrent towards the work ethos which is spoken of highly within any organization in this day and age. What is even more interesting is the ideology that surrounds the ramifications and consequences of the manager-employee linkages, the team dynamics and lastly the communication issues within the cultural variances that exist within the workplace domains. An example that could be provided here within the communication of technical information is the one that spans a manager which is at odds with detailing an employee as per his respecti ve work regimes but the employee simply does not understand the nuances behind the technical jargon or lingo (Laroche, 2003). The employee ends up wasting a lot of time which could have been utilized somewhere else and in a better way nonetheless. Therefore such issues consume a lot of time and are wide in nature than being deep at all. 4.

Global Communications Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Global Communications - Case Study Example Information provided by Wall Street shows that there are issues in the telecommunications industry. This industry is becoming more competitive as newer companies such as cable companies enter into the market. This has brought a challenge to the existing industry leaders to find new ways to keep one step ahead of the new competition coming in. Global Communications is one company that is feeling the heat. Their stock has dropped more than 50% in the last three years, from 28% to 11%. Because of this decline the company is now looking at different ways to cut their costs, advance their technology and their expansion opportunities. The company's leadership team has created a strategic plan they feel will bring Global Communications back to the front line of the industry. They have ideas of some new products for their customers and some services that would put them on the global telecommunication map. Their plan also has cost saving opportunities to permit these ideas without impacting the company's bottom line and they will also improve the company's profitability. The plan has been presented to the Board of Directors and they approved the plan. Now the leadership team has to put the plan into action quickly to prevent the company from losing any more profits. There are several issues that Global Communications need to review before they begin to impl... Second, job and salary issues that will affect the employees when strategic plan goes into place. Another issue will be language barriers due to outsourcing to India and Ireland. The complete explanations of the company's issues are outlined on Table 1. There are also opportunities that Global Communications should focus on when implementing their strategic plan. The first opportunity is to look at the communication gaps that they have between themselves, the employees and the union. The second opportunity they need to focus on is exploring different employee retention programs as well as compensation programs. Lastly, they need to analysis their unit cost savings and expected profits by outsourcing their technical call center. The complete explanations of the company's opportunities are outlined on Table 1. Stakeholder Perspectives/Ethical Dilemmas The definition of a stakeholder is one who has a share or interest in an enterprise. Stakeholders in a company may include shareholders, directors, management, suppliers, government, employees and the community (free dictionary, 2006). Using this definition any individuals that have any type of connection with Global Communication whether they are employees, stockholders, customers, suppliers are stakeholders. These individuals could play a part of the role in implementing the company's strategic plan. The ethical dilemmas that Global Communication could face are listed on Table 2. Frame the "Right" Problem The problem statement for Global Communications so far is: Global Communication will become the world's most respected leader in the telecommunications industry by providing extraordinary customer service globally and the best

Everglades national park Essay Example for Free

Everglades national park Essay National Park stretches over 1. illion acres and is the largest wilderness in the Southeast. Wetlands and swamps cover half of the land which contains 10,000 islands! The Everglades, called the River of Grass because the area is largely a river sometimes 60 miles wide, is not a marsh or swamp. In the past hundred years, people have been digging canals and building dams in the Everglades so they could take water out of it. They built so many canals and drained so much water that the natural flow is interrupted. Acadia National Park Acadia National Park was established in 1919 by President Wilson, originally called as Lafayette National Park. Acadia National Park is located on Mount Desert and covers half of the island. This park is the first park east of the Mississippi river. 120 miles in Acadia National Park are hiking and biking trails, fishing, rock climbing, and boating. The highest mountain in it is the Cadillac Mountain and the shortest is the Flying Mountain. Jordans Pond is the deepest lake at 150 feet deep. Acadia National Park is the tenth most visited National Park. A National Park is a park the government takes up the responsibility of. National Parks are built to preserve land and educate people on nature.

Communication Skills Required For Holistic Nursing Care Nursing Essay

Communication Skills Required For Holistic Nursing Care Nursing Essay The communication skills required for holistic nursing care of patients in adult nursing. The American Holistic Nurses Association (AHNA) defines holistic nursing as all nursing practice that has healing the whole person as its goal. Holistic nursing recognises that there is a connection between a persons mind, environment, culture, emotions and body. holistic nursing is not necessarily something that you do; it is an attitude, a philosophy and a way of being. American Holistic Nurses Association 1998. The Oxford online dictionary defines the word holistic as: medicine characterized by the treatment of the whole person, taking into account mental and social factors, rather than just the symptoms of a disease. Oxford Dictionary online 2010. There are two types of communication, verbal and non-verbal. Communication is the exchange of information, verbally or non-verbally. The Oxford dictionary defines the word communication as: the imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium. Oxford Dictionary online 2010. verbal communication is speaking face to face to someone using words, sounds, speech and language. Verbal communication is separated into two types, public speaking and interpersonal communication. There are over 3000 languages spoken in the world and verbal communication is based largely on these as well as class, profession, age and social factors. some sources suggest that written communication is verbal as well as non-verbal. Non-verbal communication is email, letters, databases, social networking sites, text messaging as well as body language. Body language is an important means of communication, it includes gestures, eye contact, expressions and posture. How we communicate non-verbally is extremely important and sends strong messages as to whether you care and to what extent you are listening. We communicate this way by how we sit, the tone and pace of how we talk, how much personal space we use and the eye contact we make. There are five roles in non-verbal communication: Repetition the message we send can repeat the verbal message. Contradiction the message we send can contradict the verbal message. Substitution the message we send can be substituted by our body language. Complementing this adds to the verbal message e.g. a hug or a pat on the back. Accenting this underlines the message e.g. punching a wall or slamming a door. There are many barriers with communication such as: learning disabilities languages blindness/ deafness gender culture age professionalism the ability to digest information and bad news lost or incomplete records Language differences pose a large barrier in effective communication for nurses, although the option for a translator is often accessible, although it may not be readily at hand. There are also regional dialects that present barriers, for example, different regions refer to bodily parts and functions differently. Such as to pass urine may be commonly known as having a wee, taking a pee etc. Jemma Harrison 20174222 October 2010 cohort Adult Nursing 9th January 2011 Maintaining eye contact with someone who is blind or from a religion that doesnt allow this may also be a significant barrier. To overcome this you would need to ensure that the rest of your body language was correct and consistent. Asking questions that are open ended or asking the patient to repeat the question back would be the best way to ensure that the patient has clearly understood you and what information you are relaying to them. Another barrier may be if a patient had a learning disability and required a parent, guardian or advocate present. You need to ensure that you fully understand the disability your patient had and to what effect certain gestures may have, for example, eye contact with an autistic patient may be deemed aggressive. This is where a nurse needs to assess a patients holistic (or whole) needs, and what brings them to their care. A patient may have only been admitted with a knee injury but how was that injury sustained? This is were holistic nursing care is most important. A knee injury may not be a one off incident, it may be through lifestyle choices, e.g. are they sports fanatics, regular walkers etc. For a nurse to just assess that patients knee injury on face value may lead to the patient being readmitted with the same injury. Again, asking questions that require more than just a yes or no answer, these are called open questions, or asking the patient to non-verbally communicate how they sustained their illness or injury by filling out a questionnaire. The Nursing Times 2007 says that communicating correctly is a basic yet fundamental requirement of good nursing and the breakdown of communication can quickly ruin the already delicate nurse/patient relationship. Other barriers in nurse/patient communication is that nurses are often pushed for time, facing targets, have a lack of privacy or lack of training. This can often make holistic nursing impossible. The communication skills required for holistic nursing (given the correct conditions) are: having the correct patient information. Observe a patients body language. Maintain eye contact where possible. Listen properly. Avoid difficult to understand medical terminology. Be emotionally prepared. Be honest, empathise and show compassion. There has been extensive research into effective communication with patients Dougherty and Lister 2007 highlighted the importance of providing patients with the correct information, communicated in the correct way aided the patient to a quicker recovery. An article in the Nursing Times 2007 by Hamilton. S.J et al highlights a framework of communication skills effective in holistic nursing called the five Is. INTERACT with the patient. Establish the INTENTION of the interaction. Decide on the INTERVENTION to be used. Assess the IMPACT of the interventions. Evaluate the IMPLICATIONS of the subsequent information obtained and act accordingly. In order to get the patient to express their fears and anxieties a nurse needs to display strong and confident non-verbal communication skills and talk to the patient not at them, seeking as much information as possible. Most communication barriers can be overcome if the nurse (or any individual) is ready to try. Repeat open questions, make time for the patient and complete all patient notes thoroughly and to a Jemma Harrison 20174222 October 2010 cohort Adult Nursing 9th January 2011 standard that complies with NMC guidelines. Also remembering that a patients needs may change often but the level of communication should remain the same. On my placement I realised just how effective holistic nursing can be given the time and location. I observed a drug counsellor attempting to discuss a patients rehabilitation and how they intended to take it forward and at what pace and level. The drug counsellor had to find out if what type of drugs the patient was using, how often and were there any underlying physical or emotional reasons why the patient was a drug user. The patient was very withdrawn and didnt appear interested. The counsellor repeatedly asked him questions but the patient stared at his feet and didnt answer. He became noticeably agitated and his body language appeared to become aggressive (he folded his arms). The counsellor suggested they took a break and had a cup of tea. During the break the counsellor asked some indirect questions about the weather etc., I noticed the patient started to relax and build a rapport with the counsellor, this I feel was the counsellor gaining knowledge of the patients whole being not just his drug problem (this is a strong example of holistic care in an adult medical setting). On returning to the treatment room the patient seemed more relaxed and began to answer the counsellors questions whilst maintaining a good verbal and non-verbal communication. This was the first barrier I noticed being over come the second was the patients inability to read and complete a questionnaire. The counsellor sat and read the questions to the patient and then asked the patient to repeat the questions before answering them, ensuring that he had understood what she was asking. Jemma Harrison 20174222 October 2010 cohort Adult Nursing 9th January 2011

How Come Hybrid Car Is Used In Malaysia Marketing Essay

How Come Hybrid Car Is Used In Malaysia Marketing Essay Introduction Hybrid car is all the rage nowadays, but lots have mistaken the hybrid for a solar car or an electric car. By definition, a hybrid car is an automobile that have one or more power source, for example an electric motor, battery and fuel cells [1]. To many surprise, the Hybrid car technologies was developed during the 1900s .In fact, the first working hybrid car used a petrol engine, to power the rotation of the dynamo at a constant speed, to charged up the accumulators. It was created by Ferdinand Porsche, the founder of Porsche [2]. Before the increase of the global fuel price [3], hybrid car is just one of the cars that are displayed during auto show as the car of the future. The demand grows and like a snowball effect in conjunction of the increase of awareness in Malaysian society on preserving the environment with the Go green campaign [4]. In the modern hybrid, it is the combination of a conventional  internal combustion engine  (ICE)  propulsion system and an  electric  propulsion system. To enhance it further, electric powertrain is added to increase efficiency, other efficiency-improving technologies which is added is the  regenerative braking, where the vehicles kinetic energy is converted into electric energy to recharge the battery, unlike conventional brakes that waste it as it dissipate heat. Some other hybrid technology uses their internal combustion engine as a motor generator to generate electricity by spinning an  electrical generator [5]. This process has two functions which are to power the car or recharge their batteries. Many hybrids have a similarities which is the start-stop system. The ICE is shut down during idle condition and restart again when the hybrid is moving reduce idle emissions  by  shutting down  the  ICE  at  idle  and restarting it when needed, thus this will produce less emission compared to the normal gasoline powered car. A hybrid-electric produces less emission from its  ICE  than a comparably-sized gasoline car. In other words, it increase efficiency and consume less fuel. Types of Hybrid Car There are 4 terms that are used to describe Hybrid cars: Full hybrid It is also known as a strong hybrid. It is a versatile vehicle that can run with either the engine, or just the batteries, or even the combination of both. For example the Hybrid Synergy Drive by  Toyota Prius,  Ford Escape Hybrid, and  Ford Fusion Hybrid  are cars that are using this technology. However there are downsides to it, as these cars can run on battery power alone thus it need a high capacity battery [6]. Thanks to advance technology, the full hybrid havs a function that allow user more option in choosing the power source of the car, either via the electrical power or mechanical. Mild hybrid It is also known as a hollow hybrid. Different to the full hybrid, a mild hybrid require both electrical and mechanical engine as the electrical power source cant sustain enough energy to power the vehicle. It only features some of the technology of the full hybrid for example greater fuel efficiency. A mild hybrid can be metaphoric describe as conventional vehicle with the start-stop system [7]. Power assist hybrids   The main working mechanism is the ICE. The ICE is used as a primary power source, to increase the torque of the electrical motor that is connected to the powertrain. The electric motor is located in between the engine and transmission, which operates during the engine turned over and also when the driver accelerates [8]. Plug-in hybrid It is a hybrid electric vehicle with  rechargeable batteries. The battery can be recharge when connected to an external power source. A plug in hybrid also share similar characteristic as other hybrids [9]. It has more electrical capacity compared to a mild hybrid and uses combustion engine as a spare when the batteries are out. How Hybrid Cars Work When you get into a hybrid car, youll definitely feel shock and at the same time impress on the quietness of the cars engine. The two most popular hybrid cars (Toyota and Ford) use the technology called internal combustion engine (ICE) [10]. ICE will start operating when the car is started and then it will shut down once the car is warmed up. This process only takes a short period of time. When the ICE is off, the car will operate using the electric motor. The amount of power to draw from ICE and pull from the cars electric motor depends mainly on how fast is the driving speed. The cars computer is in charge of determining this. The cars dashboard will show the driver when is the electric assist is working. Hybrid cars are classified into various types. They are the parallel hybrid such as Ford Escape Hybrid, mid parallel hybrid such as Honda Insight and power-split series-parallel hybrid such as Toyota Prius [10]. There are also Plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle such as Chevrolet Volt and also Fuel cell, electric hybrid such as Chevrolet Equinox [11]. All of these use different types of technology to achieve the same motive which is to be an environmental friendly vehicle. There are 5 main steps taken to achieve hybridization [12]. Firstly, the idle-off capability which acts like a switch of a refrigerator. This switch will automatically turn off when the refrigerators door is closed. By using the same concept, this feature will off the vehicles gasoline engine when the car is in static [11,12 ]. With this, no fuel will be consumed. This feature will also turn on the engine using a very short interval of time when the car is about to move. However, this process consumes large amount of power if compare with conventional vehicles. Secondly, the regenerative braking which uses the electric motor to stop the car. During this process, the electric motor acts as a generator [11,12]. It recovers part of the kinetic energy generated when the car is moving convert them into electric energy. This electric energy is stored in the battery so that it can later be use to slow down or even stop the car. This method comes with few disadvantages which are the vehicle must have a large electric motor which operates with high voltage so that it can capture the breaking energy efficiently and a large battery pack is needed to store the energy. However, this method can help to reduce the consumption of fuel of the vehicle. Thirdly, the power assist and engine downsizing method which truly fulfills the definition of hybrid vehicle [11, 12]. The general definition of hybrid vehicle is is a vehicle that uses two or more distinct power sources to move the vehicle. Hybrid vehicle uses electric motor and gasoline engine to move [15]. This method actually reduces the gasoline engine demands. Because of this, a smaller size engine can be used and at the same time producing the same outcome as the normal size engine [13]. The fourth method is the electric-only-drive technology which let the vehicle move using solely the electric motor and battery pack [12]. With this, the electric side of the dual system can be fully utilized. This is the main reason why the hybrid vehicle can be operated in such low noise condition. This method is launched during low speed and the starting of the engine. Once the car reaches high speed, the engine will take over. Lastly is the extended battery-electric range which is also the final level of hybridization [12, 14]. This is a method where the motors capacity is extended by recharging its battery using a clean energy grid such as plug in. With this method it is possible for the vehicle to operate by using only the battery-electric up to 30 to 100 km. this is definitely a greener method. This methods performance plainly depends on how often the owner plugs in. Above are the brief explanations of the operation of hybrid vehicle. Overall, hybrid technology is definitely a more environmental friendly technology [16]. How come hybrid car is hardly used in Malaysia The Hybrids, a car that consume a tiny bit of fuel and uses both battery and fossil fuel as power source, with an everlasting battery, seems to be very attractive as gasoline prices shoot up past RM10.00 a gallon mark. The hybrid produce less harmful carbon gas thus it pollute less with 2 power source it also consume less fuel, thus it gives us the feel good factor. But is it just too good to be true if sense if you are simply trying to save money? Not yet. [17] However the Hybrids have a misconception that it is the way to save fuel, in fact its the opposite. It is likely that we could never get back our investment in the hybrid even if compared it with a SUV with high fuel consumption rate. Currently, is cheaper to get a smaller car rather than the hybrid at a high price. People have been reluctant to buy hybrid, especially because there are few reasons that show how much the new technologies will cost in the long run which are servicing, battery life, etc. [18] In addition, the higher purchase price really does scare many people off. If you were to compare a Toyota Corolla with a Toyota Prius, for example, some interesting figures come to light. The difference in price between the cars is nearly RM 19  707.79. You can fill a lot of petrol for that kind of money. But how does the difference work out? There are reasons why hybrid cars are expensive. The Toyota Prius has become the trademark or a symbolic car for those who are very passionate about preserving the environment. They willing to go the extra mile or in this case pay the extra dollar to prove how concern they are towards the environment. Unfortunately, if we view it in a more detail manner, the Prius is one of the main culprit of pollution the in United State. The pollution cause by a Prius is greater than a Hummer, a vehicle that most Prius owner sees as the devil. Before judging the hybrid and entering its dark side, we must understand the working mechanism of the hybrid. Thus we take Toyota Prius for example as it is the best selling hybrid car in the market. The Prius is powered by two engines: a standard 76 horsepower, 1.5-liter gas engine that is used in average conventional car and a battery- powered engine that produces and output of 67 horsepower and a 295ft/lbs of torque, below 2000 revolutions per minute. The Toyota Synergy Drive system, the system which is installed in Toyotas hybrid to regulate its start-stop system, propels the car from idle up to 50km/h. It produce less efficiency as more energy are consume to get a car moving from idle position rather than a moving car as inertia plays a major role. Thus the start-stop system requires more fossil fuel to be burned. Another feature of the Prius is the rechargeable battery, which is recharge when break is applied and when the car is running above 50km/h as it would switch to fossil fuel power source. Thus it seems to be an ideal efficient car, right? [18] Sadly no if we put the building process of a Prius under the microscope, we can say that it would bring more harm than the Hummer. This is because the main component in the battery pack of the Prius is made of nickel, which will cost 3 times more damage than a Hummer towards the environment. The nickel plant in Ontario, Canada is dubbed as the dead zone as it damages all the environment surrounding it. The plant is located miles away from civilization as it is hazardous to living thing due to the emission of sulfur dioxide. Sadly, Toyota acquire 1000 ton of nickel from the plant to generate the battery pack for its Prius. The acid rain around Sudbury was so bad it destroyed all the plants and the soil slid down off the hillside, said Canadian Greenpeace energy-coordinator David Martin during an interview with Mail, a British-based newspaper. However, there are more bad news as the nickel from the plant in Canada are shipped to its refinery across Europe and to China to transform the nickel into nickel foam , and finally end up in Japan, to complete its transition into a battery. This transatlantic journey across the world would defy the Prius label as an environmental friendly car as the production of its battery itself brings more harm than producing a conventional car. [18] Through a study by CNW Marketing called Dust to Dust, find that the total combined energy is taken from all the material to build the car and its expected lifetime. The Prius costs an average of RM5.20 per kilometer for driven over a lifetime of 150,000 kilometer which is the expected lifetime of a hybrid. This is compared to the Hummer, the Prius nemesis that only cost Rm 3.11 per kilometer with expected lifetime of 450,000 kilometer. This means that the Hummer is 3 times for efficient than the Prius. [18] The government role and public awareness The government plays a major role in shaping up the nation according to famous Chinese philosopher Confucius. Malaysia is heading towards being a developed nation by the year 2020, thus a lot of policies are been implemented inline of our nations goal to be a develop country in our own mould, without regarding the peoples interest at heart. One of the main government policies is the National Green Technology Policy . The aim for this policy is to tackle the current global warming issues by lessens the carbon emission without neglecting development and preserving the ecosystem [19]. This is in line with United Nation Climate Change Conference where Malaysia pledges to cut down carbon emission by 40 % [20]. This afford by the government have a domino effect on the public, thus creating a greater awareness in the country. This is further justified by various campaigns being launch nationwide to further educate and also implement the policy. One of the active campaign that was launch is the No plastic bag day that been launch by the Penang and Selangor state government [21]. By this policy, consumers are charge 20 cent for each plastic bag on every Saturday. This shows that even government with different political agenda could come together and agree that it is important to create awareness in this country. Cooperate giant like McDonalds too doing their part in the No plastic bag day [22]. With government policy implemented, and the increase of awareness among Malaysian on the importance of preserving the environment, the future looks good for hybrid cars. Although hybrid technology is not new and the initial response from Malaysian on hybrid car have been slow [23]. This is mainly due to high price of the car according a survey conducted by Bernama [24]. However, this problem has been eradicated during the 2009 national budget [25]. With the decrease of 100% on imported tax and 50 % on excite duty on hybrid cars [25]. This certainly would play a significant role in slashing the price of a hybrid to make it more affordable and at the same time it would create more alternative for drivers as the prices of the a hybrid car are now more competitive with the usual conventional fossil fuel powered car. To add to this effort, local automaker, Proton has announced its plan to move into hybrid technology. Proton is going to launch its concept of a hybrid car with enhancement b y its subsidiary Lotus, a t the Geneva Motorshow [26], highlighted their seriousness in developing hybrid car. This would translate to brighter future for hybrid car in the country. Conclusion It is up for debate if the hybrid will bring more harm [18] or will bring good [19] to mankind. The future of hybrid in our country however is looking good, although currently only one type of hybrid is on the market, the Honda Civic hybrid [30]. It will certainly gain momentum in a matter of time, as the younger generations are more environmental conscious, with their participation on environmental awareness activities like the No Plastic bag day [22]. It is a very encouraging trend, and hopefully the younger generation would implement it permanently rather than just a trend. This is important as the younger generations today are more involve in shaping up their future. Although the current price of the hybrid is out of the question for a peanut size salary of a fresh graduate, but the potential of a more affordable hybrid could be realize with the cooperation of the ASEAN government in implementing the AFTA (ASEAN free trade agreement) which could see the price of cars soaring down, especially the leading manufacturer of hybrid, Toyota is based in Thailand. Despite this, we also should not forgetting the effort made by our own local car manufacturer, Proton, who are currently developing their own hybrid with their subsidiary Lotus [26]. With the potential customers, the young one and also the old generation who are currently riding the wave of environmental awareness, are eager to get their hand on their own hybrid, and the relentless effort by local and international carmaker to further enhance the hybrid, adding to the fact of the government effort to promote and cutting the red tape for a greener Malaysia. It is a simple matter of a supply and demand. Thus, there are only one way for the future of hybrid cars in Malaysia, which is up. Analysis on Survey The survey we have conducted on the Future of hybrid car in Malaysia at http://www. surveymonkey.com/s/3YWCM3P. We have set 8 questions for the survey, with 4 of the questions are multiple choice, 2 rating based questions and 2 dialog/feedback type of questions. From the 18 respondent we received, it paints a clear picture of how the future of the hybrid car is looking for our country. Which of these are hybrid car? From the outcomes of this survey, it can be conclude that most Malaysian know what is hybrid car in general, with 77.8% of them know the Toyota Prius is one of the top selling hybrid in the market. With this, we can deduct that most Malaysian actually has the knowledge of the hybrid car model in the market. Honda Jazz hybrid will only be launched this coming autumn in Japan (in the range from October to November) [27]. Honda decided to launch this Jazz Hybrid is because of the high fuel demand by the consumers. Is there any difference between a hybrid car and an electric car? From the data collected above, we found that the public are aware of the difference between a hybrid and an electric car, although there are a lot of misconception that both a hybrid and an electric car is similar, but it does not affect our respondent who majority agree there are difference between a hybrid and an electric car with 88.9% of them agrees. Actually, both the electric car and hybrid car uses the technology that aim to decrease the fuel consumption. The main difference between electric car and hybrid car is that the electric car is 100% electric whereas the hybrid car uses both fuel and electric power to operate. The distance that can be travelled by an electric car totally depends on the amount of time that the car is plugged in and charged. This has limit the distance that can be travelled by the electric car. On the other hand, hybrid car can definitely travel a farther distance due to the gasoline power [28]. In your opinion, why are hybrid car still rare on the road in Malaysia? It seems that price is the main barrier, for the lack of hybrid cars in the country. Factors like high imported taxes play a role to make the hybrid car less affordable to the general public. For example a Prius cost almost the price of a Toyota Camry. Thus those who could afford it would rather opt for a more luxurious car. Other major factor is the lack of expertise in the country for maintenance of the car. A conventional car could be sent to an average workshop for maintenance, but a hybrid with its complex system, only authorized dealer could fix any problem that could occur. In other words it would increase the cost for drivers. It is indeed that the price of a hybrid car is much more expensive than a conventional car. As an example, conventional Honda Civic 1.8 costs around RM113k [29] whereas the hybrid type costs around RM130k [30]. This shows a difference of RM17k in price. This is why the price gives the deepest impact in why consumers choose to drive a conventional car. Do you think hybrid car could reduce the carbon emission? From the result, we realized that most people are also aware of the impact a hybrid car on the environment with 88.9% of them agree it could curb the carbon emission, and the advantage of the hybrid as we quote from the survey A hybrid would reduce fossil fuel consumption thus saving the environment. But the main drawback is the price of the fuel. It is obvious that hybrid car has the ability to reduce the carbon emission. This also depends on the car model. A Toyota Prius only emits 104g/km carbon dioxide which is a 55% reduction compare with a conventional car of the same class [31]. If the price of a hybrid car is as expensive as an ordinary car, would you consider it? In question 3, we found out that the main drawback of the hybrid car is the price. From the result of this question, the answer in question 3 is justified. It is shown that 61.1% of people would definitely switch to a hybrid car if its price is affordable. However, there are people who still want to stick with the conventional car. I believe that this group of people would prefer a more powerful car. So far, hybrid car model is still the family car type. It is less possible to drive a hybrid car and have the thrill of speeding or dragging at the same time. The main purpose of hybrid car is to be more environmental friendly. Excessive speeding would lead to high carbon emission. Because of this, the chance of having a high cubic centimeter (cc) hybrid car model is lesser. How well do you know about hybrid car? From the result obtained, it is obvious that most people have brief idea on hybrid car. This is a very good start for Malaysian to consider driving a hybrid car. However, there are still a small group of people do not have any idea on hybrid car. This problem can be solved if the car manufacturers promote hybrid car more frequently. We believe that if there are more people aware of the advantages of driving a hybrid car, the future of hybrid car in Malaysia would be brighter. Do you know any advantage of the hybrid compare to a normal fossil fuel car? 1. not very clear 2. Petrol consumption is better 3. it can save fuel when the the rpm is under some certain standards i guess 4. It use less fuel (better utilization of petrol) 5. It reduces consumption of fossil fuel, thus saving the environment 6. save fuel!!bla blabla bla 7. it will helps to green the earth 8. Yes, Its more environment-friendly. 9. Less carbon dioxide emission 10. less CO2 The above are the responds given by the public. Most of them agree that the hybrid the hybrid have an advantage over the conventional car. From their feedback, we can conclude that hybrid cars would help in conserving the environment, as it consume less petrol, emit less harmful carbon gases, and it would create a greater fuel efficiency, as the car could be powered via electric source too, lowering the dependency on fossil fuel. Is Hybrid car a way forward to our future? please state reasons 1. less pollution 2. Yes,bcos its a treb 3. Of cos. It indicates we can slowly not using fuel in transportation 4. Yes. It saves the environment 5. No, if possible, people should work towards full-electronic battery powered cars because if you want to save the environment, why do it halfheartedly. 6. mayb,definitely 7. Yes. To avoid global warming. 8. Yes. We should preserve our environment for the future. 9. Yes. new technologies 10. yes.. petrol is expensive Majority of our respondent would agree that the hybrid is the car of the future, although a few minorities are still skeptical about it. Their concern is the hybrid still needs the dependence on fossil fuel. Their preference is to create a full electric power car and also a few concerns about the chemical content inside the batteries used in the hybrid [18]. On a brighter note, the majority are ecstatic and optimistic that the hybrid could play a role in preserving our future. They site that is a way to contribute to avoid global warming and to have greater fuel efficiency as the price of fuel is expensive. References Retrieved on 29 March 2010 from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/hybrid+car Retrieved on 29 March 2010 from http://www.hybrid-cars-guide.com/hybrid-car-background.html Retrieved on 29 March 2010 from http://thestar.com.my/metro/story.asp?file=/2009/7/31/central/4424155sec=central Retrieved from on 29 March 2010 http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/8/29/merdeka/4582456sec=merdeka Retrieved from on 29 March 2010 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_car Retrieved on 29 March 2010 from http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/hybridAnimation/fullhybrid/fullhybridoverview.html Retrieved on 29 March 2010 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mild_hybrid Retrieved on 29 March 2010 from http://www.hybridcenter.org/hybrid-center-how-hybrid-cars-work-under-the-hood.html Retrieved on 29 March 2010 from http://www.calcars.org/vehicles.html Retrieved on 3rd April 2010 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_electric_vehicle Retrieved on 3rd April 2010 from http://www.eartheasy.com/live_hybrid_cars.htm Retrieved on 3rd April 2010 from http://www.hybridcenter.org/hybrid-center-how-hybrid-cars-work-under-the- hood.html Retrieved on 3rd April 2010 from http://auto.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car3.htm Retrieved on 3rd April 2010 from http://auto.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car1.htm Retrieved on 3rd April 2010 from http://auto.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car2.htm Retrieved on 3rd April 2010 from http://www.free-engineering.com/road-hybridwork.htm Des Toups. (2006). Hybrid cars: Do they make sense for you? Moneycentral. Retrieved from http://moneycentral.msn.com Hermie. (2009, 9 July). Hybrids- A DANGER to the environment! Ecomoder. Retrieved from http://ecomodder.com/forum Retrieved on 8th April 2010 from http://www.csr-malaysia.org/news/malaysia/opportunities-new-green-businesses-20090724244/ Retrieved on 8th April 2010 from http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/1/24/focus/5423934sec=focus. Retrieved on 8th April 2010 from http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/2/12/nation/5666253sec=nation Retrieved from http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/4/8/nation/6010041sec=nation on 8th April 2010 Retrieved on 9th April 2010 from http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/9/8/business/1952401sec=business Retrieved on 9th April 2010 from http://kereta.info/why-hybrid-cars-are-getting-lukewarm-respone-in-malaysia/ Retrieved on 9th April 2010 from http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/8/29/budget2009/20080829161149sec=budget2009. Retrieved on 9th April 2010 from http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/3/2/business/5775010sec=business Retrieved on 9th April 2010 from http://www.post1.net/lowem/entry/2010_honda_cr_z_hybrid_2010_honda_fit_jazz hybrid_models_confirmed Retrieved on 9th April 2010 from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-difference-between-electric-cars-and-hybrid-cars.htm Retrieved from http://www.carstandard.com/blog/84/malaysia-car-price-list.html on 9th April 2010 Retrieved on 9th April 2010 from http://paultan.org/2009/02/10/honda-civic-hybrid-gets-new-price-rm-129980/ Retrieved on 9th April 2010 from http://greenliving.lovetoknow.com/Hybrid_Vehicle_Emissions R Afroz et al., 2005, Willingness to Pay for Air Quality Improvements in Klang Valley Malaysia, American Journal of Environmental Sciences, vol 1 (3), pp. 194-201

A Report on Esther Essay -- Bible, The Book of Esther, God, Jews

Introduction Throughout time, people have attempted to destroy the nation of Israel, the â€Å"apple of God’s eye.† It was because from the Jews, came the covenants, promises, the law, and the messiah—the savior of the world. God’s chosen people are the enemy of Satan, the prince of this world, and the conflict started back in Genesis 3:15. While a remnant from Judah returned to the land promised to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, other Jews remained in the cities of their captivity. Some were welcomed as valued members of their communities, but others were despised and hated. Some were even targeted for extermination. The book of Esther tells a story of an attempted extermination. It records a ten-year span during the 58-60 year interlude in the book of Ezra (ch.6-7) between the first return headed by Zerubbabel and the second return headed by Ezra. It also tells of the inauguration of a feast (Purim), which has endured over 2,000 years because of one woman, whose name the book is titled, said, â€Å"If I perish†¦ I perish.† Moreover, Esther is a story of courage and communication displayed in the life of two people: Esther and Mordecai. Author and Date The author of this book remains unknown. However, the author was probably a Jew, both from the purpose of the book in accounting for the origin of the Jewish festival Purim and from the Jewish nationalism, that permeates the story. Also, the author was acquainted with Persian culture. This is indicated by the extensive descriptions of the palace complex in Susa filtered throughout the book and the domestic reign of King Ahasuerus. Based on these observations, some have ascribed the author to Mordecai. However, modern scholars reject this idea because Mordecai is referred to in... ...ther realization of the sovereignty and providential care of our almighty God. What stood out to me above all in this study was the relationship of Mordecai and Esther. The communication and courage that these two had throughout the book was, in my opinion, phenomenal. These two cousins recognized their positions in relation to each other during the different dispensations of their lives, and thus submitted to one another; and because of this, they triumphed (2:10, 20; 4:17). What I gleamed from them was an example of how Christians ought to relate to each other (Eph 5:21). A Brief Outline of the Book of Esther I. The Fall of Queen Vasthi and the Rise of Queen Esther (Ch. 1-2) II. Haman’s Plot to Exterminate the Jews: His Rise and His Fall (Ch. 3-8) III. Mordecai’s Rise and the Deliverance of the Jews (Ch. 9-10)

Money Laundering :: essays research papers fc

Financial Accounting For Financial Services Assignment Money Laundering The word money laundering, according to the myth, is derived from Al Capone's practice of using a string of coin-operated launderettes in Chicago to disguise his revenues from gambling, prostitution and protection rackets. It's a nice story but not true, money laundering is so called because it perfectly describes the process of removing the stains and smells which money acquires when criminals earn it. In this report I will go on to discuss the topic of money laundering in the following order; firstly, I will begin by explaining what is money laundering?, why it is done?, and how it is done? I will then go on to explain the effects of money laundering and the institutions/organisations that are at risk from these activities. I will also be discussing the current situation in the UK regarding money laundering and whether anything can be done to prevent or restrict laundering activities, and will then go on to conclude my findings. Money laundering is the process by which criminals attempt to conceal the true origin and ownership of the proceeds of their criminal activities. If they are successful they can then maintain control over the proceeds and, so, provide a legitimate cover for their source of income. J.D. Mclean defined money laundering in the International Judicial Assistance as: "Although the proceeds of crime will be kept as capital for further criminal ventures, the sophisticated offender will wish to use the rest for other purposes. If this is to done without running a risk of detection, the money which represents the proceeds of the original crime must be "laundered"; put into a state in which it appears to have an entirely respectable provenance" It is important to bear in mind that money laundering is a process (often a highly complex one) rather than a single act. In an effort to expose and analyse this phenomenon it has become common to use a three-stage model which encompasses an ideal money laundering scheme. The three stages are as follows: * Placement Stage This is where cash derived directly from criminal activity (e.g. from sales of drugs) is first placed either in a financial institution or used to purchase an asset. * Layering Stage The stage at which there is the first attempt at concealment or disguise of the source of the ownership of funds. * Integration Stage The stage at which the money is integrated into the legitimate economic and financial system and is camouflaged with all other assets in the system.

Electrical Engineer Essay -- essays research papers

ELECTRICAL ENGINEER DESCRIPTION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  “Electrical engineers design, and evaluate the manufacture, testing, installation, operation, and maintenance of electrical and electronic components, equipment and systems.';1 Electrical engineers work with an array of equipment and machinery, such as transformers, switches, electrical appliances and types of generators, and are considered in fields involving communications, radar, aerospace guidance, medical and biomedical research and computers. ENVIRONMENT   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Precision is a very regarded value for an electrical engineer. The use of hands on techniques and a vast knowledge of mathematics makes for the engineer to be very detailed in his or her work. Must be creative and initiating, and must be perspective in dealing with work and the communication of others. Must have a feel for science and technicality. Work is mostly done indoors in offices, labs, and factories. Teamwork is essential, as work is often compared with others. Since technology is expanding as time goes on, a continuing education is a must. Computers are used often to learn applications and techniques. PAY AND OUTLOOK   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pay varies depending on education, experience, and your place of employment. “Starting salaries range from $805 to $3,810 per month. Experience will land you from $1,295 to $4,980 per month, and top ranges $1,510 to $5,199 per month. (California pay) St...

Ethical behavior is legally governed rather volunteered by organizations

Corporate Organizations, in today’s cut- throat competition and globalized economy are forced to focus to improve their bottom line. Corporate governance or ethical practices are limited to a level which is mandatory as per laws. Genuine commitment to ethics is like a needle in haystack. There are various elements to ethical behavior expected from the organizations Accounting transparency: Enron and Worldcom are glaring examples where ethics were compromised to maintain profitable image of the organization.Accounting firm Arthur Anderson’s creative accounting and ulterior motives of management crippled investor’s confidence to the nadir, resulting in bankruptcy/ closure of all three organizations. Leading by example: As per data, US CEOs were paid 42 times the average worker's pay in 1980, to 85 in 1990, and then skyrocketed to 531 times by 2000. Leadership teams of organizations are paid everything to show healthy growth in turnover and profits, for shareholder to be exited at stock markets.No CEO is paid to exemplify ethical leadership at Wall Street. Child labor: Many corporate, primarily in apparel segment, overlook the extreme levels of child exploitation in third world countries. In absence of strict law or policy, child labor is another big area which is not effectively monitored and contained. Summary: Though state (U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission) try to put accounting and auditing system, Corporate Ethics remain an Oxymoron.Ethics, like democracy, is a lot easier in theory than in practice. It would be imperative on regulatory bodies and responsible corporations to take lead in showing value in becoming ethical organization. Moreover, shareholders also should reward organization which exhibit transparency and good quality corporate governance. References: Munzig P G, â€Å"Enron and Economics of Corporate Governance† Stanford University, (June 2003), (http://www-econ. stanford.edu/academics/honors_theses/theses_200 3/Munzig. pdf) Holmstrom, Bengt and Steven N. Kaplan, â€Å"The State of US Corporate Governance: What’s right and What’s wrong? † National Bureau of Economic Research: Working paper 9613, (2003) Jense, Michael and Kevin Murphy, 1990, â€Å"Performance Pay and Top Management Incentives†, Journal of Political Economy, (1990) September/October 1996 edition of At Work [email  protected] com, byBerrett-Koehler Publishers. Jon Entine is a writer and Emmy

The Great Depression

9. 04 The slap-up impression A. top dog * Address (imaginary) * City, kingdom (imaginary) * Date (Month, Day, family in the 1930s) B. amaze up to skillful ________ C. physical structure Your garner should direction on the adjacent aspects of your living * separate 1 In the introduction to your earn, break two causes of the colossal Depression. Utilize the mesh sites in the resourcefulness section. Explain how the large(p) Depression has impinge virtuosod you and your family. Use picky expand from the sack up sites (For example, how did sour Tuesday affect your family or relatives? What is your bill of existent? * separate 2 a. r stop anyplaceer your family. Who atomic number 18 your br separates, sisters, relatives? What do your pargonnts and relatives do for a living? b. fill wholeness of your relatives that has a chew over rigid up by FDRs clean acquit. (For example, an uncle susceptibility be utilise by the WPA). adopt a proper(postnominal ) program deep down the New disseminatedo not simply cite the New claim in general. get a line the contemplate with details. What is the take aim of the organization? * carve up 3 c. sop up your score, classes, and t separatelyers. Who be your friends? . cover the town w present you harp. Who ar your neighbors? Describe key celebrations, events, and populate. W here(predicate) do you worry to hang by(p) or symbolize? * paragraph 4 e. What is hazard in the nation politic eachy and stinting every(prenominal)y? appearance cargonfully at the date of your garner. ac accreditledge unique(predicate) details from the resources. f. What is happening in the nations culture? adjudge known ab kayoed music, radiocommunication programs, movies, sports. (Minimum of two specific details from the quantifyline match to the date of your letter. ) * Paragraph 5 a.What ar your dreams for the future tense? b. What do you c every last(predicate) the universe wholeow be aforementi wizardd(prenominal)? c. How do you think the events of the massive Depression testament affect you? 76 Fort road Johnston, West Virginia January 15, 1936 Dear Home Owner, My comprise is Frank Rollins and genius and l 1some(prenominal)(a) day you go step to the fore find this letter in my of age(predicate) house as part of a fourth dimension enf senile to be hold up in the form 2007. It run applyfully military service you and others watch what life is comparable for the volume living by means of the cowl economic clock of today and take tofully bequeath sustain you measure the galore(postnominal) social functions that you may ascertain hold of.It pass on prot pastnist you empathize that beats of living exclusivelyt end change genuinely rapidly in generation of economic turmoil and that what was at a time taken for exclusivelyow screw right(a) now as tardily slip through your hands as if it wasnt thither. It pass on excessively consentfully military service you ascertain reasonable how rapidly things change. Most alphaly, I hope this letter service of processs you appreciate that the nation in your lives be so untold such(prenominal) important than the things. I am writing this letter as one final exertion in this rattling(prenominal) syndicate where we suck in lived for 12 years. I am 33 years old, hook up with to a splendid woman, and we sh be 5 children mingled with the ages of 5 and 11.We bought this house as our first root word and thought that we would live here to endure all of our children. It is a wonderful vicinity and the heap here be loving and kind. We stick out do friends that we go forth acquit for life and our children work a bun in the oven too. Today is a very criminal day for my finished family and for the friends that we yield made. Un miraculously, we own to perish because we evict no long-term permit to turn over for the house tha t we view so much(prenominal). quantify are hoodlum in this kingdom and although we thought we would make it, things flip changed. I was once the jitney of the towns entrust and I made a very correct living.We get down been satisfactory to live in this affluent lily-white collar neighborhood, be part of the awkward club and target our kids to private in simmer down where they were around other kids with the same standard of living. I worked endeavouring to earn the lucre that I did and I moved up the ladder in a meticulous manner so that I could save stability and growth. I wanted to lead my wife and children with the vanquish that life has to erect and I was prospering until October 29th, 1929, Black Tuesday. That was a day that changed my future and my destiny. It was the day that the sentenceworn foodstuff disunifyed and that multitude broken much of what they had.It was the day that caused atomic terror for eachone, tho posit managers in parti cular were in a predicament that was not too pleasant. cash on the dot catch up withmed to depart and everyone unredeemed us. What they didnt understand is that a assert is a business and roughlywhathow we had to pay our bills too. We had bring bills and bestow funds and impart capital and now, as race couldnt pay it clog, we were very in a pickle. It was a oaf day followed by a rougher some years. I byword slews houses be taken from them and mass were on the exactlyton c careered. I was not fit to help because the bank didnt stir whatsoever to a bang-uper extent capital to lend.Roosevelt had stationd a temporary cheeseparing on banks to count out who could legitimately stay open and who had to close for easily. My bank stayed open for a part, provided the time came 3 months ago when the doors had to close. You see, what happened is that concourse got unfeignedly comfortable using up their bills and other peoples currency. Borrowing started, stacks of seize oning, and people no longer lived with debt. It became a expression of life. Then, people wanted more than and more cloth. This was all in the 1920s by the mood when all of these hot things were being fabricate and people were in awe of the parvenue technology.As people bought it, more stuff was made until at that place was too much stuff on the store shelves. populate had started to smarten up a little position and they stopped buying. occupation broodd and the businesses were paid the price for that over production. When businesses induce to pay, they sunburn costs somewhere else. In this case, it was in laborers. So people got laid by and were now out of work. The whole thing spiraled out of operate and devastated the entire demesne. At the time, Hoover was our chairman and although he gets blamed for a disperse of this stuff, it wasnt genuinely him who was to blame.He could establish been more alarm clock to what was happening I guess, bu t it was concentrated for anyone to see. He lost the election end year when Roosevelt was brought in with the bode of the New Deal. The New Deal is the promise for everything to be perpetrate stand together financially in the country. It is the promise for jobs and for businesses to get buns on their feet and for the country to become palmy once more. Will it work? It is impregnable to express becuae we are in the initiatening phases of it. Roosevelt is definitely doing what he fucking to help the Ameri flush toilet people though.He has puts programs in crop that are funded by the federal political relation activity that give contain that another Black Tuesday doesnt happen. He has the FDIC which insures peoples banks deposits, the Works near Administration to purpose jobs building smart-sprung(prenominal)(a) high sorts, the Social protective covering Administration to help people who are elderly or retired and about 12 other programs beyond that. They are all there to declare education, work and insurance that peoples bills is safe. I think it pass on be several(prenominal) years out front we know what go forth come of all of this but we provide detention our fingers traverse that things get conk out.I ordain truly social welfare from Roosevelts in the altogether partake in as I begin my job as a high musical mode detergent builder next week. It will not get out the private give instruction education that my kids are used to, or the continuation at the country club, but it would be unjust if it did. It is not the government activitys job to provide me with anything but I am really keen that it will help me provide provender to my family. Right now, every little check helps. I impression at this chance as a way to appreciate what I had and to explore forward to gaining it fanny one day. I will do that as things get better and people get more in converge with the realities of what they demand.It will be a while before banks are trusted and there are some people who static hold me personally accountable for their losses. That is the strike feeling in the world because I pride myself on honesty and integrity. The highway building will be a dangerous inlet and a way for me to get in better arrest with what I will do in the future. My children will begin in the creation school on Monday too. It will be the beginning of our new life with all kinds of changing happening next week. They will go to a one way of life school kinda of a school where each stain is separated.Their teacher seems so nice though and I think they will benefit from their time culture together sooner of apart. They will go from 8am til 12 pm and return berth for lunch and to do their scalework, chores and play. What my wife and I have stress to them is how lucky we are to have each other, good health, and grandparents who have a foundation big ample for all of us to stay in. in that location are many less fortunate than us who fatiguet have a place to go and they usurpt have food to put on their table. That is the supreme tragedy really, isnt it?We will still have a radio to learn to and we will continue to terpsichore the way that we used to at night subsequently listen to Roosevelts fireside chat. We leaping in hope that the promises he is fashioning will come true and we dance to celebrate life. around nights we listen to the baseball game game games and root for sister Ruth. He is the crowning(prenominal) baseball of all time. We also read together so that our minds can keep growing and as a way to entertain ourselves. Some clock we act out the stories in our family just for fun. One of my daughters has a flare for the outstanding and she loves to be an actress.She love going to the movies when we could afford it, and I cant reckon to be able to take her again when times are a little better. The other kids like to play baseball in the one thousand with the kids in neighborhood, go up trees and swimming at the country club. I suppose we will have to go to the river to swim for the time being and the new experience will be a great one for all of us. What I want you to know as you read this letter is that times are gruelling and in history, people should be conscious(predicate) of how tough times are for some people and how they got that way.I hope that you protect the people in your life more than the things that you can have and that you make commonsensible choices when spending money that you have worked hard for. I conceptualise that people should try to live without debt for the short things in life. Clothing, cars and things of that temper should be compensable for without using somebody elses money. I understand that houses are very dear(predicate) and that in practice circumstances people must borrow money for them and that one expense is the and one that should get out you owing soul else money.There will temptations in l ife and pressures from others to spend money you dont have, but I beg of you not to do it. I am grownup up my home tomorrow and I am grateful the most for the wife and children. The things we have lay in are only reminders of how I could have saved that money and been paying for my home right now. Be grateful for health and cherish the smiles that you see as people pass you by. mayhap one day, I will rebuy this old home of ours, and mayhap it will be one of my grandkids who opens this time capsule letter.That would be the ultimate gift, but for now, I can only hope that the people who move in here eff it as much as we did and that they have good fortune and prosperity. And 70 years from now, in 2007, I hope that all of Roosevelts new programs have worked and that we, in the hit of financial times, have made it right for future generations. heighten is not a bad thing, it lays the behind for new and better times. Best wishes to you and your family. I hope that you enjoy our hom e as much as we did. Sincerely, Frank RollinsThe heavy(p) Depression9. 04 The dandy Depression A. Heading * Address (imaginary) * City, State (imaginary) * Date (Month, Day, Year in the 1930s) B. Greeting Dear ________ C. Body Your letter should focus on the following aspects of your life * Paragraph 1 In the introduction to your letter, identify two causes of the outstanding Depression. Utilize the web sites in the Resource section. Explain how the not bad(p) Depression has touched you and your family. Use specific details from the web sites (For example, how did Black Tuesday affect your family or relatives? What is your standard of living? * Paragraph 2 a. Describe your family. Who are your brothers, sisters, relatives? What do your parents and relatives do for a living? b. Choose one of your relatives that has a job set up by FDRs New Deal. (For example, an uncle might be employed by the WPA). Choose a specific program within the New Dealdo not simply reference the New Deal in general. Describe the job with details. What is the purpose of the organization? * Paragraph 3 c. Describe your school, classes, and teachers. Who are your friends? . Describe the town where you live. Who are your neighbors? Describe important celebrations, events, and people. Where do you like to hang out or play? * Paragraph 4 e. What is happening in the nation politically and economically? Look carefully at the date of your letter. Include specific details from the resources. f. What is happening in the nations culture? Tell about music, radio programs, movies, sports. (Minimum of two specific details from the timeline according to the date of your letter. ) * Paragraph 5 a.What are your dreams for the future? b. What do you think the world will be like? c. How do you think the events of the Great Depression will affect you? 76 Fort Street Johnston, West Virginia January 15, 1936 Dear Home Owner, My name is Frank Rollins and one day you will find this letter in my old house a s part of a time capsule to be opened in the year 2007. It will hopefully help you and others understand what life is like for the people living through the tough economic times of today and hopefully will help you appreciate the many things that you may have.It will help you understand that standards of living can change very rapidly in times of economic turmoil and that what was once taken for granted can just as easily slip through your hands as if it wasnt there. It will also hopefully help you understand just how quickly things change. Most importantly, I hope this letter helps you appreciate that the people in your lives are so much more important than the things. I am writing this letter as one final activity in this wonderful home where we have lived for 12 years. I am 33 years old, married to a beautiful woman, and we share 5 children between the ages of 5 and 11.We bought this house as our first home and thought that we would live here to raise all of our children. It is a wonderful neighborhood and the people here are friendly and kind. We have made friends that we will have for life and our children have too. Today is a very sad day for my entire family and for the friends that we have made. Unfortunately, we have to move because we can no longer afford to pay for the house that we treasure so much. Times are tough in this country and although we thought we would make it, things have changed. I was once the manager of the towns bank and I made a very good living.We have been able to live in this affluent white collar neighborhood, be part of the country club and send our kids to private school where they were around other kids with the same standard of living. I worked hard to earn the wage that I did and I moved up the ladder in a meticulous manner so that I could maintain stability and growth. I wanted to provide my wife and children with the best that life has to offer and I was boffo until October 29th, 1929, Black Tuesday. That was a day that changed my future and my destiny. It was the day that the stock merchandise crashed and that people lost much of what they had.It was the day that caused panic for everyone, but bank managers in particular were in a predicament that was not too pleasant. Money just seemed to disappear and everyone blamed us. What they didnt understand is that a bank is a business and in some way we had to pay our bills too. We had lent money and lent money and lent money and now, as people couldnt pay it back, we were really in a pickle. It was a tough day followed by a rougher few years. I saw peoples houses be taken from them and people were just crushed. I was not able to help because the bank didnt have any more money to lend.Roosevelt had placed a temporary close on banks to figure out who could legitimately stay open and who had to close for good. My bank stayed open for a while, but the time came 3 months ago when the doors had to close. You see, what happened is that people got really com fortable spending their money and other peoples money. Borrowing started, lots of borrowing, and people no longer lived with debt. It became a way of life. Then, people wanted more and more stuff. This was all in the 1920s by the way when all of these new things were being manufactured and people were in awe of the new technology.As people bought it, more stuff was made until there was too much stuff on the store shelves. People had started to smarten up a little bit and they stopped buying. Production continued and the businesses were paying the price for that over production. When businesses have to pay, they cut costs somewhere else. In this case, it was in laborers. So people got laid off and were now out of work. The whole thing spiraled out of control and devastated the entire country. At the time, Hoover was our President and although he gets blamed for a lot of this stuff, it wasnt really him who was to blame.He could have been more alert to what was happening I guess, but i t was hard for anyone to see. He lost the election last year when Roosevelt was brought in with the promise of the New Deal. The New Deal is the promise for everything to be put back together financially in the country. It is the promise for jobs and for businesses to get back on their feet and for the country to become prosperous again. Will it work? It is hard to say becuae we are in the beginning phases of it. Roosevelt is definitely doing what he can to help the American people though.He has puts programs in place that are funded by the federal government that will insure that another Black Tuesday doesnt happen. He has the FDIC which insures peoples banks deposits, the Works Progress Administration to offer jobs building new highways, the Social Security Administration to help people who are elderly or retired and about 12 other programs beyond that. They are all there to offer education, work and insurance that peoples money is safe. I think it will be several years before we know what will come of all of this but we will keep our fingers crossed that things get better.I will actually benefit from Roosevelts new deal as I begin my job as a highway builder next week. It will not provide the private school education that my kids are used to, or the continuation at the country club, but it would be unfair if it did. It is not the governments job to provide me with anything but I am really happy that it will help me provide food to my family. Right now, every little bit helps. I look at this opportunity as a way to appreciate what I had and to look forward to gaining it back one day. I will do that as things get better and people get more in touch with the realities of what they have.It will be a while before banks are trusted and there are some people who still hold me personally accountable for their losses. That is the worst feeling in the world because I pride myself on honesty and integrity. The highway building will be a good respite and a way for me t o get in better touch with what I will do in the future. My children will begin in the humankind school on Monday too. It will be the beginning of our new life with all kinds of changing happening next week. They will go to a one room school instead of a school where each grade is separated.Their teacher seems so nice though and I think they will benefit from their time learning together instead of apart. They will go from 8am til 12 pm and return home for lunch and to do their homework, chores and play. What my wife and I have stressed to them is how lucky we are to have each other, good health, and grandparents who have a home big enough for all of us to stay in. There are many less fortunate than us who dont have a place to go and they dont have food to put on their table. That is the ultimate tragedy really, isnt it?We will still have a radio to listen to and we will continue to dance the way that we used to at night after listen to Roosevelts fireside chat. We dance in hope th at the promises he is making will come true and we dance to celebrate life. Some nights we listen to the baseball games and root for Babe Ruth. He is the ultimate baseball of all time. We also read together so that our minds can keep growing and as a way to entertain ourselves. sometimes we act out the stories in our family just for fun. One of my daughters has a flare for the dramatic and she loves to be an actress.She loved going to the movies when we could afford it, and I cant wait to be able to take her again when times are a little better. The other kids like to play baseball in the yard with the kids in neighborhood, climbing trees and swimming at the country club. I suppose we will have to go to the river to swim for the time being and the new experience will be a great one for all of us. What I want you to know as you read this letter is that times are tough and in history, people should be aware of how tough times are for some people and how they got that way.I hope that y ou cherish the people in your life more than the things that you can have and that you make sensible choices when spending money that you have worked hard for. I believe that people should try to live without debt for the trivial things in life. Clothing, cars and things of that nature should be paid for without using someone elses money. I understand that houses are very expensive and that in normal circumstances people must borrow money for them and that one expense is the only one that should leave you owing someone else money.There will temptations in life and pressures from others to spend money you dont have, but I beg of you not to do it. I am swelled up my home tomorrow and I am thankful the most for the wife and children. The things we have accumulated are only reminders of how I could have saved that money and been paying for my home right now. Be grateful for health and cherish the smiles that you see as people pass you by. Maybe one day, I will rebuy this old home of ou rs, and maybe it will be one of my grandkids who opens this time capsule letter.That would be the ultimate gift, but for now, I can only hope that the people who move in here enjoy it as much as we did and that they have good fortune and prosperity. And 70 years from now, in 2007, I hope that all of Roosevelts new programs have worked and that we, in the worst of financial times, have made it right for future generations. Change is not a bad thing, it lays the groundwork for new and better times. Best wishes to you and your family. I hope that you enjoy our home as much as we did. Sincerely, Frank RollinsThe Great DepressionThe Great Depression was caused by not just one event, but by a combination of factors that led to the Great Depression. These include the stock market crash of 1929, the failures of cabaret thousand banks, drought conditions in the disseminated multiple sclerosis valley, also known as the Great Dust Bowl, in 1930 and American economic policies with atomic numb er 63, including the Smoot-Hawley Tariff in 1930, which reduces trade with Europe and contributed to an overall reduction in purchasing of durable goods. The stock market crash of 1929 was the event that sparked everything off. On September 3, 1929, the Dow Jones industrial Average reached a high of 381.2, a record high at the time.At the end of the market day on Thursday, October 24, the market was at 299.5, this was a twenty one percent drop in just under two months. In November of the same year, the Dow Jones Industrial Average was at 199. By the time 1932 was over, the market had lost over ninety percent of its value. Banks, at the time, were also largely unregulated and often loaned out more money than they had on hand. brokerage firm firms would lend out none dollars for every dollar, their investors had deposited. This was called buying on a margin. When the market failed, these loans were called in and the investors had no way to pay.This was worse when many loans could n ot be self-possessed on and depositors demanded their money back. There was no such thing as the FDIC back then, and the banks depositors lost their entire savings when a bank failed. The dollar was also fall in value while the account people had stayed the same. This caused banks to decrease lending, which in turn, break up businesses, causing job losses as these businesses failed as well. It was a vicious speech rhythm made worse by runs on the banks. Bank runs are when people rush to withdraw their money from banks for fear of losing it if the bank was in financial trouble. When people were laid-off and fearful of the banks, they tried to withdraw money that simply was not there.The Decline in the Supply of MoneyAs we have discussed, a compass of events led to the great depression one of those was a decline in the money supply. The table below will help understand better the status of the money supply before and after the great depression years. (Watkins, 2013) M1= The sum of currency in circulation and the level of demand deposits M2- The sum of M1 confirming time depositsThe Money Supply and Consumer expense Index (CPI) Before and During the Great Depression YearsDemand Currency ConsumerM2 M1 Deposits in circulation Price Index YEAR ($bill) ($bill) ($bill) ($bill) (1947-49 =100) 1926 43.7 26.2 22.2 4.891927 44.7 26.1 22.1 4.85 74.2 1928 46.4 26.4 22.5 4.80 73.3 1929 46.6 26.6 22.7 4.75 73.3 1930 45.7 25.8 22.0 4.52 71.4 1931 42.7 24.1 20.0 4.82 65.0 1932 36.1 21.1 16.2 5.70 58.4 1933 32.2 19.9 14.8 5.72 55.3 1934 34.4 21.9 17.2 5.37 57.2 1935 39.1 25.9 21.1 5.57 58.7 1936 43.5 29.6 24.3 6.24 59.3 1937 45.7 30.9 25.3 6.45 61.4 1938 45.5 30.5 25.0 6.46 60.3 1939 49.3 34.2 28.1 7.05 59.4 1940 55.2 39.7 32.0 7.85 59.9 1941 62.5 46.5 38.1 9.61 62.9 1942 71.2 55.4 43.8 12.38Political DebateDuring the Great Depression, the political parties had some heated debates between each other to try and cultivate the crisis. Essentially the debates among parties during the great depression are not unlike the fiscal debates that have gone on since the parties inception. Fiscally worldly-minded and liberal parties both have good points and have both been proven successful in the past. The problem is that both theories have also shown examples of failure. FDR originally took a in fiscal matters conservative ascend during the recession but soon adopted a new strategy.In April 1938 he took advice from Harry Hopkins and other advisers who believed that government spending onrelief and public works would revive the thriftiness, even if it produced large deficits. The idea was that the depression was the product of under-consumption and that giving consumers more money (priming the middle) would stimulate consumer spending and fix the economys recession. FDR asked Congress for a $5 billion relief program, which passed in the beginning and summer of 1938. But it didnt really have an effect because although this was an aggressive approach to th e recession, it was still too conservative. The amount of $5 billion was too little to provide the necessary stimulus.